Kutshanje i-icon yeselula (i-C-IOI) ye-ecosystem, kwaye ngakumbi i-3GP yokubekwa emgangathweni ye-3GP, igxile kwimakethi yohlobo lwe-3GC Itekhnoloji yesiseko i-intanethi ye-intanethi yezinto (NB-IOI) (ikati-nb1 / 2) kunye nohlobo lonxibelelwano loomatshini (EMTC) I-13/14, ngeempawu ezinikezelweyo zokusetyenziswa kwamandla ophantsi kakhulu (i-Edrx), imodyuli yoNcedo lwamaZwe (i-PSM) kunye neziGcingeni lokuPhungula (CE). Okwangoku, malunga ne-140 abaqhubi beefowuni kwihlabathi liphela bathumele i-LTE M okanye i-NB-Inethiwekhi, kunye ne-GSA (i-GSA (i-GSA (i-Global Assocliner Adgelient) ibale i-TAT-M1, ikati ye-TAT1 okanye ikati-kwi-NB2.
Izicelo ezisakhulayo ze-IOI kumashishini aliqela, kunye nesigaba sehlabathi ngaphandle kwe-2G kunye ne-3G Ke ngoko, i-3GPP isebenza ngokuqhubekayo kuphuculo lwe-NB-iot kunye ne-EMTC yokuhlawula iimfuno ezithile (umzobo 1). Imizekelo yimizekelo-up imiqondiso okanye usulelo lwedatha kwangoko, njengoko wangeniswa kwi-PROS. 15. Zombini zinceda ekukhuthazeni ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye namaxesha okuphendula. Kwixesha elide, nangona kunjalo, kukho isidingo senguqu egudileyo ukuya kwi-5g.
I-C-IOI ngexesha le-5G
Isizukulwana sokuqala senethiwekhi esisezitholeni esenziwe ukusuka ekuqaleni ukuxhasa hayi intengiso yebhendi ye-Broadband (i-EMB), kodwa nemakethi ekhulayo ye-IOI yayiyi-5G. Sele kukukhutshwa kwe-5G yokuqala, isiseko sabekwa kwinguqu ye-MMTC (NB-IOI) ukusuka kwi-4G ukuya kwi-5G ukuya kwi-5G kunye ne-Louncy yoNxibelelwano ebizwa ngokuba, umzekelo, ngokwemifanekiso yefemu. Ezinye zerediyo zerediyo (NR) ezifana nemali eguqukayo, inkxaso eguqukayo eguqukayo, inkxaso eyakhiwe kunye neendawo ezininzi zokuthambisa zenza isiseko se-5G se-5g ye-MBBE, i-MMTC kunye noRllc.
Izinto ezimbini zibalulekile kwikamva le-MMTC ngexesha le-5g: ukubakho kwe-NB-iot kunye ne-EMTC kwi-5G ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zerediyo; kunye nenkxaso yeempawu ezinxulumene ne-5G eziphambili. Iimpawu zobukhoboka njengoko zichaziwe kwi-res. 16 iya kuvumela i-5G-IOI ye-NB-IOI izixhobo ze-NB-I-EMTC ukuze zinxibelelane nenethiwekhi ye-5g.
I-IOI yeWestree
Iifektri kwixa elizayo ziya kuthembela ekudibaniseni okunzulu kolwazi kunye nokuzenzekelayo, zenziwe ukuba i-Ubiquitity ixhumation. Umzi mveliso ufuna itekhnoloji yoNxibelelwano ethembekileyo nengakhuselekanga engenazingcingo ezinokusetyenziselwa izicelo ezahlukeneyo kumgangatho wefektri. Kunokubakho ezinye iindlela zokujongana namatyala ahlukeneyo, kodwa i-5g kuphela inamandla okujongana nazo zonke.
I-5G MMTC ilungiselelwe amandla aphantsi kunye nokugubungela okunzulu kwezixhobo ezichaza izixhobo kunye neempahla okanye zinokusetyenziselwa ukuqhagamshela izinzwa.
I-5G ye-EMBB ilungele ukuhamba kunye nokuphuma kwedatha ephezulu. Ifanelekile ukusetyenziswa ekunxibelelaneni iiglasi zenyani ezibonakalayo kunye nezixhobo eziphathwayo ezisetyenziswayo kumgangatho wefektri.
Inqaku elitsha kwi-5G URLLC, ephuhliswe kwi-DRE.16 / 17, uya kwenza ukuba i-automation ipheleleyo yokulawula iirobhothi okanye izithuthi ezikhokelwa ngokuzenzekelayo.
I-URLLC yindawo entsha yesicelo yeselula kunye neemfuno ezicacileyo malunga nokulandelelana, ixesha kunye nokuthembeka. I-3GPP ichithe imizamo efanelekileyo yokujongana nale mifuno kwaye ngoku ibonelela ngesixhobo esibanzi seRLLC. Iya kunceda ukuba uqinisekise ngo-tethoral kwi-radical presh, kunye neempawu ezifana nexesha elifutshane kunye nexesha elifutshane, kunye nezixhasi ezifana nenkqubo yokuphinda-phinda kunye ne-Flexib yosulelo. IVenkile yeNethiwekhi, iliso elibekiweyo kwi-comtal kunye nekhomputha yokufikelela kwiikhompyuter ziya kuphucula ubuchule bokuphela. Ukuthenjwa konxibelelwano kunokuphuculwa ngokusebenzisa izikimu zokufaka iikhowudi ezinamandla, ukuphindaphinda kwepakethi kunye nokuphindaphinda kunye nezikimu ezidityanisiweyo. Isixhobo sesixhobo sezixhobo siquka ukuxhaswa kweenethiwekhi zonxibelelwano zexesha okanye iinkonzo zohlobo lwe-LAN nge-5G, njengoko kuphuhliswa ikakhulu kwi-PRO.16. Uphuculo olungaphezulu lokuphuculwa kwexesha okanye ukusebenza kwiindawo ezingafakwanga ndawo kuphuhliso lwe-NER.17.
Ngaphandle kokuthembeka kunye nokunxibelelana, ukufumaneka kwenethiwekhi kunye nokhuseleko kubalulekile kwimishini- nakwizicelo ezibalulekileyo kwishishini kwindawo yezomveliso. Umzi-mveliso ubonakale usebenzela uthungelwano lwabucala lwe-5g olunokufunyanwa njengeenethiwekhi ezingezizo zikarhulumente (i-NPNS) usebenzisa i-NPANSER okanye i-NPNS) esebenzisa i-NPNSE okanye i-NPNS yenethiwekhi edityanisiweyo isebenzisa iNethi.16.
Ukwazisa ukukhanya kweNR
Inqaku elipheleleyo leeseti ze-5G ngokulungisa iziqendu ezibanzi zezicelo, umzekelo, ezo zexabiso eliphantsi kakhulu, amandla aphantsi kakhulu kunye nokuhamba okulinganiselweyo kunye ne-NB-iot. Kukho, nangona kunjalo, izicelo ezininzi ze-IO:, ukuxabiseka kwabantwana, umzekelo, kufuneka ifuna ixesha elide ibhetri, ukugubungela kakhulu, kunye nokuhamba okugcweleyo kunye namaxabiso afanelekileyo edatha. Eminye imizekelo yayiziinzwa zengxamiseko ezifuna ukugubungela kakhulu, kodwa kukhulu ukuqina kakhulu kunye nokusebenzisa amandla aphantsi. Ukulungisa ezi zixhobo ze-IOIR eziphakathi, i-3GP iqalile ukufunda iimfuno zesicelo phantsi kwegama iNR. Kwi-red. 17 Iya kubeka umlinganiso wesixhobo esincinci sokuncitshiswa kwesixhobo sokuncitshiswa kwemali egxile kwiimfuno eziqhelekileyo zeenzwayo zezamashishini, i-smart of hoserance kunye ne-cams subvellance (umfanekiso 2).
Inethiwekhi engeyiyo yehlabathi
Namhlanje, uthungelwano lwefowuni lunokugubungela ngaphezulu kwe-80% yabemi behlabathi kodwa ingama-40% umhlaba kwaye ungaphantsi kwe-20% yomhlaba. Eyona ndlela ifanelekileyo yokujongana nokusetyenziswa kwe-IOO, ukulandelela nokubeka iliso kukusetyenziswa kothungelwano olungelulo lwasemhlabeni ngokusebenzisa, amanani amancinci omhlaba. Kwi-red. 17, 3GP isebenza ngokudityaniswa kwezinto zesatellite kwi-5G nr yoyilo ngokubanzi. Ekuqaleni, ifunda ukusetyenziswa kwendaleko yexesha elide kwi-NB-IOI kunye ne-EMTC kwinethiwekhi engeyiyo yehlabathi.
Amandla ovavanyo
I-3GPP iqhubeka ngokuqhuba ngokugagalela iimfuno zangoku nezexesha elizayo kwindalo ye-IOT. Ukwahluka okukhulu kweempawu kunye neemeko zenethiwekhi, kunye neemfuno zesicelo ezikhethekileyo ze-IOI, ziya kukhawulezisa imfuno yovavanyo kunye nesiqinisekiso malunga nezinto zenethiwekhi.
I-Latency, ukuthembeka kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla kuya kuba kubaluleke ngakumbi kwaye uqhubeke nokubekwa kweliso kwiinethiwekhi kuya kuba kubalulekile. Ngenxa yoko, uvavanyo olubanzi lwe-IOT lubanzi lwe-IOI Uluhlu olubanzi lwemiceli mingeni kwimilinganiselo yentsebenzo, njengokusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nokusetyenziswa kwebhetri, ngokuhambisa kunye nokusebenza kunye nokusebenza kwenkonzo.
Kulandela ukuba iimfuno zobomi bebhetri ezingaphezulu kweminyaka eli-10 kunye neemfuno ze-latency zisusela kwimizuzu ukuya kwimizuzu ukuya kwii-microsecond zihambelana. Ezinye izicelo ezifuna ukugubungela i-jiko kunye nokuhamba kuya kugxila kwiitekhnoloji zeselula ezinje nge-LTE-M kunye ne-NB-IOI, i-wi-fi, iZigbee, i-sigfox kunye ne-sigfox kunye ne-sigfox kunye ne-sigfox kunye ne-lerax Amashishini angenamzi-mveliso engafunekiyo, ezenzululwazi kunye ne-tigbar yezonyango.
Uvavanyo lomngeni kwi-RF uyilo
Ukuvavanya indlela yokuziphatha yonxibelelwano ngokubanzi kwezi zixhobo ze-IO: sisihloko esibalulekileyo kuzo zonke izigaba zobomi bemveliso. Uyilo lwe-RF lufuna ingqalelo ekhethekileyo. Imilinganiselo yesixhobo se-IOOI iqala ngamandla e-rf, i-spectrum kunye nemilinganiselo yovelwano yemvakalelo kwimodi exhunyiweyo. Iiparamitha ze-S
Emva kwale nto, umlinganiso ongaphezulu kwe-aude we-raphired iphela kwaye iyonke imvakalelo ye-isotropic yoyilo yokugqibela iyacetyiswa. Isenokusebenza nokwenza imilinganiselo ephantsi kweemeko ezithile zokuphumla okanye isebenzise iindlela zokuphucula ukugubungela ezifana nezo zisetyenziselwa izixhobo ze-NB-IOI.
Ukuyila izixhobo ezifanelekileyo ze-Hardware kunye nesoftware kubaluleke kakhulu kwizixhobo zamandla enaphantsi, umzekelo uphumeza ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kwimodi esebenzayo, kodwa neendlela ezinqabileyo ezilele Izixhobo ze-IOI zisebenzisa itekhnoloji yamandla e-wireless (i-LP-Wan) njenge-LTE-M okanye NB-IOI kufuneka ithathele ingqalelo yonke imiba yeendlela zokusebenza kunye nezinto ezifana nePS, edrx okanye CE.
Ababenzi besixhobo, abaqhubi kunye nabavelisi beziseko zophuhliso bafuna iphothifoliyo yovavanyo olupheleleyo ukukhawulezisa iziseko ze-IOI kunye neenkonzo. Oku akunakuphunyezwa ngaphandle kokuqinisekisa ukungqinelana kwezixhobo ze-IOI ngeMetho-mvume, umsebenzisi kunye nemiGangatho.
Nditsho neenkqubo ezichazwe kakuhle, imilo emininzi entsha yezixhobo ze-IO: isayithi isiqinisekiso kwilinge lokuqala. Umlawuli uchaze amatyala ovavanyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukhona kunye nemisebenzi-yenethiwekhi yetekhnoloji engenazingcingo esebenza kwibhendi yendlela efanayo. I-Bluetooth, i-Wi-Fi kunye neZigbee, bonke besebenza kwicandelo le-2.4gz lem. Isatifikethi sabo sijolise kwi-RF kunye nezihloko zomgaqo-nkqubo wokuqinisekisa ukusebenzisana kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu. Abanini zithuthi banokucela iimvavanyo ezongezelelweyo ezigunyazisa i-IOI yazo iinethiwekhi zawo.
Malunga noMbhali
Jörg köpp ngumphathi wentengiso wentengiso - IOIT, ROHDE & SCHWARZ
