Muva nje i-ecosystem ye-IoSystem ye-Cellular (C-IOT), futhi ikakhulukazi imakethe ye-3GPP, igxile ekunikezeni imakethe enkulu yokuxhumana ngomshini (MMTC) kwezicelo ezinjengezicelo zamanzi, ukuqapha amakhompi, ukupaka kwempahla. Ubuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu be-Intanethi lezinto (NB-IOT) (I-Cat-NB1 / 2) noMshini Wokuxhumana Wokuxhumana (i-EMTC) (I-Cat-M) yathuthukiswa. 13/14, ngezici ezinikezelwe ngokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi kakhulu (ukunwetshwa okuqabulayo (Edrx), i-Power Supply module (PSM)) kanye nezithuthukisi ze-Coverage (CE izindlela). Okwamanje, cishe ama-opharetha weselula angu-140 emhlabeni jikelele athunyelwa amanethiwekhi we-LTE M noma i-NB-IOT, inhlangano ye-Global Mobile Supplecation) ibale amadivaysi angaphezu kwama-500 axhasa ikati-m1, ikati-nb1 noma ikati-nb2.
Izicelo ze-IOT ezisafufusa ezimbonini eziningana, kanye nesigaba somhlaba wonke ukuphuma kumanethiwekhi we-2G ne-3G, shayela isidingo sezandiso ezikhethekile zohlelo lokusebenza. Ngakho-ke, i-3GPP isebenza ngokuqhubekayo ekuthuthukisweni kwe-NB-IOT ne-EMTC ukumboza izicelo ezithile zesicelo (Umdwebo 1). Izibonelo ziyizimpawu zokuvuka noma ukuhanjiswa kwedatha kusenesikhathi, njengoba kwethulwa ngokuhlobene. 15. Zombili zisiza ukukhulisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nezikhathi zokuphendula. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, noma kunjalo, kunesidingo sokushintshela okubushelelezi esikhathini se-5G.
I-C-iot ngesikhathi se-5G
Isizukulwane sokuqala senethiwekhi yeselula eyenzelwe kusukela ekuqaleni ukusekela hhayi imakethe ye-mobile ebanzi kuphela (I-EMBER), kodwa futhi nemakethe ye-IOT ekhulayo kwakungu-5G. Kakade ekukhishweni kokuqala kwe-5G, isisekelo sabekwa inguquko ye-MMTC (NB-IOT / EMTC) kusuka ku-4G kuya ku-5G futhi ngokuxhumana okubizwa ngokuthi, ngokwesibonelo, ezenzakalelayo efektri. Ezinye izici ze-5G New Radio (NR) ezifana ne-Fleslecture Numerology, ukusekelwa imvamisa, ukuphepha okwakhelwe ngaphakathi kanye nezendlalelo eziningana ze-Virtualisation Dala isisekelo ukusekela izisekelo ezibalulekile ze-5G, i-MMTC ne-URLLC.
Izici ezimbili zibalulekile ngekusasa le-MMTC e-5G ERA: Ukuba khona kwe-NB-IOT ne-EMTC ku-5G ngenxa yokusetshenziswa okuguquguqukayo kwezinsiza zomsakazo; kanye nokwesekwa kwezici ezihlobene ngu-5G Core. Izici zokuba khona ngokubambisana njengoba kuchaziwe ku-rel. 16 kuzovumela amadivayisi we-5G anekhono le-NB-Iot ne-EMTC ukuxhuma kwinethiwekhi ye-5G ye-Standalone.
I-Industrial Iot
Amafektri ngokuzayo azoncika ekuhlanganiseni okujulile kolwazi kanye ne-automation, enikwe amandla ngokuxhumana okungathandeki. Imboni ifuna ubuchwepheshe bokuxhumana obunokwethenjelwa nobungcwele obungathembekile obungasetshenziselwa izinhlelo ezihlukile efektri phansi. Kungahle kube nezindlela zokubhekana namacala ahlukile, kepha yi-5G kuphela enamandla okubaphendula bonke.
I-5G MMTC ilungiselelwe amandla aphansi nokumbozwa okujulile kwamadivayisi alandelela amathuluzi nezimpahla noma angasetshenziselwa ukuxhuma izinzwa.
I-5G ember yenzelwe ukuhamba kanye nokufakwa kwedatha ephezulu. Kufanelekile ukusetshenziswa ekuxhumaniseni izingilazi ezingokoqobo ezingokoqobo kanye namadivayisi aphathwayo asetshenziswa ezungeze phansi efektri.
Isici esisha ku-5G URLLC, othuthukisiwe ku-Reser.16 / 17, uzonika amandla i-automation ephelele yokulawula amarobhothi noma izimoto ezihambisanayo.
I-URLC iyindawo entsha yesicelo sokuxhumana kwamaselula ngezidingo ezicacile eziphathelene ne-latency, isikhathi kanye nokwethenjwa. I-3GPP ichithe imizamo efanelekile yokubhekana nalezi zidingo futhi manje ihlinzeka ngamathuluzi aphelele e-URLLC. Kuzosiza ukwandisa i-latency esibonakalayo somsakazo, ngezici ezinjengesikhathi esifushane sophawu nama-mini slots, kanye nezithuthukisi ezifana nenqubo ephindaphindwayo esheshayo noma i-Grant-free uplink ukuhanjiswa. Ukusebenziseka kwenethiwekhi, ukubekwa phambili phambili kwethrafikhi kanye ne-computing yophenyo eminingi kuzothuthukisa kakhulu isikhathi sokugcina. Ukwethenjwa kwezokuxhumana kungathuthukiswa ngokusebenzisa izinhlelo eziqinile zokufaka amakhodi, ukuphindwa kwamaphakethe kanye nokuphindaphinda kanye nezinhlelo zokuxhumana ezimbili. Leli thuluzi lifaka ukusekelwa kwamanethiwekhi abucayi besikhathi noma izinsizakalo zohlobo lwe-LAN nge-5G, njengoba kuthuthukiswe ikakhulukazi ku-Real.16. Ukuthuthuka okwengeziwe kokuvumelanisa kwesikhathi noma ukusebenza ezindaweni ezingekho emthethweni zikukhulo ngo-17.
Ngaphandle kokuthembeka kwe-latency kanye nokuxhumana kwezokuxhumana, ukutholakala kwenethiwekhi nokuvikeleka kubalulekile kwizicelo ze-mission- kanye nezebhizinisi-ezibucayi endaweni yezimboni. Ngakho-ke imboni ibifuna ukusebenzisa amanethiwekhi ayimfihlo ama-5G angahle asetshenziswe njenge-Standalone okungeyona yomphakathi amanethiwekhi omphakathi (NPNS) esebenzisa i-spectrum yangasese noma inethiwekhi yomphakathi ehlanganisiwe ye-NPNs ihlanganise inethiwekhi
Kwethulwa ukukhanya kwe-NR
Isici esibanzi esisethiwe se-5G ngokwanele sibhekana namakheli ahlukahlukene we-IOT, ngokwesibonelo, lezo zokubiza ngokweqile, amandla aphansi aphansi aphansi kanye nokuhamba okulinganiselwe nge-NB-IOT. Kukhona, noma kunjalo, izicelo eziningi eziningi ze-IOT, ukubekelwa izingane zokuphepha, ngokwesibonelo, ezidinga impilo ende yebhethri, ukumbozwa okuhle kakhulu, kanye nokuhamba okugcwele namanani edatha afanele. Ezinye izibonelo zizinzwa eziphuthumayo ezidinga ukumbozwa ngokweqile, kepha futhi ziphansi kakhulu kanye nokusebenzisa amandla aphansi. Ukubhekana nalezi zicelo eziphakathi kwe-IOT, i-3GPP yaqala ukutadisha izidingo zohlelo lokusebenza ngaphansi kwegama le-NR. Ngokuqondile. 17 Kuzokwenza kube ngcono uhlobo lwedivayisi entsha encishisiwe yokuncipha ngokugxila kwizidingo ezijwayelekile zezinzwa zezimboni, izigqoko ezi-smart kanye nama-surveillance cams (Umdwebo 2).
Amanethiwekhi Angewona Amanethiwekhi
Namuhla, amanethiwekhi weselula angamboza ngaphezu kwama-80% abantu bomhlaba wonke kepha angama-40% kuphela wendawo yomhlaba nangaphansi kwama-20% omhlaba. Okuwukuphela kwendlela efanelekile yokubhekana nezicelo ze-IOT zokuzwela komhlaba wonke, ukulandelela nokuqapha ukusetshenziswa kwamanethiwekhi okungewona asemhlabeni ngokusebenzisa, ama-tiny aphansi e-Earth Orgar Orget Satellites. Ngokuqondile. 17, 3GPP isebenza ngokuhlanganiswa kwezingxenye ze-satellite ekwakhiweni kwe-5G NR ngokuvamile. Ekuqaleni, ufunda ukusetshenziswa kwe-NB-Ivot yesikhathi eside esekelwe i-NB-Iot ne-EMTC ngamanethiwekhi angewona ama-terrestrial.
Amandla okuhlola
I-3GPP iyaqhubeka nokushayela okujwayelekile ukufeza izidingo zamanje nezesikhathi esizayo ze-IOSYSTEM ye-IOT. Ukwehlukahlukana okukhulu kwezici nezimo zenethiwekhi, kanye nezidingo ezikhethekile ze-IOT, kuzosheshisa isidingo sokuhlolwa nokuqinisekiswa kwesitifiketi sokuphila kwamadivayisi nezinto zenethiwekhi.
I-latency, ukuthembeka kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla kuba okubaluleke kakhulu futhi okuqhubekayo kokuqapha amanethiwekhi kuzobaluleka. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukuhlolwa okubanzi kwe-IOT kubhekana nezinselelo ezibanzi ezivela ezilinganisweni zokusebenza, njengokusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nokusebenza kwebhethri, ngokusebenza kokuhlolwa, ukuthunyelwa kanye nokusebenza kokulungiswa kwensiza.
Kulandela ukuthi izidingo zempilo yebhethri ezineminyaka engaphezu kwe-10 nezidingo ze-latency ezisukela emizuzwini kuya kuma-microsecond ziba zifanele. Ezinye izinhlelo ezidinga ukubekelwa phansi komhlaba kanye nokuhamba zizogxila kubuchwepheshe bezimali ezifana ne-LTE-M ne-NB-IOT, kepha amadivaysi amaningi azosebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obungenazintambo obungenantambo njenge-Bluetooth, i-Wi-Fi, i-Enocena, i-Sigfox neLora in Okungabhalisiwe kwezimboni, zesayensi nezokwelashwa / ama-tbands amafushane.
Izinselelo zokuhlola ekwakhiweni kwe-RF
Ukuhlola ukusebenza kwezokuxhumana okuphelele kwamadivayisi we-IOT kuyisihloko esibalulekile kuzo zonke izigaba zomkhiqizo wokuphila komkhiqizo. I-RF Design idinga ukunakwa okukhethekile. Izilinganiso zedivayisi ye-IOT ngokuvamile ziqala ngamandla we-RF, ama-spectrum kanye nokuthola umuzwa wokuzwela kwimodi exhunyiwe. Ama-S-parameter alinganiswa ukuze aqinisekise futhi afake ukusebenza kwe-antenna yedivayisi ye-IOT.
Ngemuva kwalokhu, ukukalwa okungaphezulu komoya kwamandla abunjiwe aphelele kanye nokuzwela okuphelele kwe-design yokugcina kunconyiwe. Kungahle futhi kuhambisane nokwenza izilinganiso ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile ezifakayo noma zisebenzise amasu okuthuthukisa ukumbozwa okufana namadivayisi asetshenziselwe ama-NB-Iot namadivayisi we-LTE-M.
Ukuqamba i-Hardware efanele ne-software kubaluleke kakhulu kumadivayisi wamandla aphansi, ngokwesibonelo ukusebenzisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphezulu kwimodi esebenzayo, kepha futhi nezindlela zokulala ezijulile noma izigaba ezifushane zokuqalisa / zokuvala / izigaba zokuqalisa / zokuvala / ukuvala okufushane. Amadivayisi we-IOT asebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obunamandla obunamandla obunamandla (LP-WAN) anjenge-LTE-M noma i-NB-Iot adinga ukucubungula zonke izici zezindlela zokusebenza nezici ezinjengePSM, EDRX noma CE.
Abenzi bedivayisi, ama-opharetha kanye nabakhiqizi bengqalasizinda badinga iphothifoliyo ephelele yokuhlola ukusheshisa ukwethulwa kwezicelo nezinsizakalo ze-IOT. Lokhu akunakutholwa ngaphandle kokuqinisekisa ukuvumelana kwamadivayisi we-IOT ngezidingo zokulawula, opharetha kanye namazinga.
Ngisho nezinqubo ezichazwe kahle, imiklamo eminingi emisha yamadivayisi we-IOT isahlulela isitifiketi emzameni wokuqala. Abalawuli bachaze amacala okuhlola ukuze baqinisekise ukusebenza ngokubambisana kanye nokusebenza okunobungani benethiwekhi yobuchwepheshe obungenantambo busebenza ku-frequency band efanayo. I-Bluetooth, i-Wi-Fi ne-Zigbee, ngokwesibonelo, konke kusebenza kubhendi efanayo ye-2.4ghtz ism. Isitifiketi sabo sigxile ezihlokweni ze-RF nezivumelwano zokuhlose ukuqinisekisa ukusebenzisana nokusebenza okuphezulu. Ama-opharetha angacela izivivinyo ezengeziwe ezigunyaza amadivaysi e-IOT amanethiwekhi abo.
Mayelana nomlobi
I-Jörg Köpp yimenenja ye-Market Segment - Iot, Rohde & Schwarz
